{"id":16784,"date":"2024-08-08T07:47:54","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T07:47:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalgreens.org\/?p=16784"},"modified":"2024-08-08T08:22:09","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T08:22:09","slug":"case-study-carbon-offsets-kenya-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globalgreens.org\/esp\/case-study-carbon-offsets-kenya-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Puntos cr\u00edticos de biodiversidad: Kenia e Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Introducci\u00f3n&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La conservaci\u00f3n de los recursos naturales se ha visto amenazada por factores antropog\u00e9nicos y relacionados con el clima a nivel mundial. Los bosques han actuado como sumideros de carbono, almacen\u00e1ndolo y reduciendo el impacto del cambio clim\u00e1tico. Sin embargo, en el pasado reciente, los bosques han disminuido en 50% a nivel mundial y los bosques tropicales perdieron m\u00e1s de 50% de cobertura entre el a\u00f1o 2000 y 2013 (Hansen et al., 2013). Los pa\u00edses en desarrollo como \u00c1frica han experimentado una p\u00e9rdida de bosques de m\u00e1s de 70% espec\u00edficamente en los tr\u00f3picos y los bosques ecuatoriales. Esta p\u00e9rdida de bosques conduce a una reducci\u00f3n del almacenamiento de carbono, lo que da como resultado una mayor circulaci\u00f3n de carbono en la atm\u00f3sfera, lo que contribuye a los efectos de invernadero. La falta de participaci\u00f3n de la comunidad y la mayor fragmentaci\u00f3n de los bosques han puesto en peligro los esfuerzos para recuperar los bosques. A esto se suma la falta de beneficios directos derivados de la protecci\u00f3n de recursos como los bosques, as\u00ed como la falta de medios de vida alternativos.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para abordar este desaf\u00edo, los mercados de carbono emergentes est\u00e1n ayudando a reconstruir los bosques brindando beneficios directos a las comunidades responsables de proteger los bosques en los pa\u00edses en desarrollo. Sin embargo, esto se ha enfrentado a desaf\u00edos como c\u00f3mo estimar el almacenamiento de carbono para un pago adecuado. Adem\u00e1s, la falta de conciencia sobre el proceso de pago ha creado lagunas en los cr\u00e9ditos de carbono propuestos, generando desconfianza entre las entidades. Sin embargo, puede ser parte de la soluci\u00f3n a largo plazo para la conservaci\u00f3n de los recursos naturales y una forma directa de garantizar la conservaci\u00f3n sostenible de los recursos naturales en los pa\u00edses en desarrollo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presentamos dos estudios de caso de Kenia e Indonesia donde los proyectos de carbono pueden funcionar para las comunidades locales al garantizar que obtengan beneficios directos de la conservaci\u00f3n de los recursos naturales, espec\u00edficamente bosques y pastizales, al tiempo que garantizan el almacenamiento de carbono a trav\u00e9s de la restauraci\u00f3n y el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas cr\u00edticos en Kenia e Indonesia. Adem\u00e1s, demostramos c\u00f3mo las comunidades locales pueden armonizar sus actividades para incluir la compensaci\u00f3n de carbono y la creaci\u00f3n de medios de vida alternativos, reduciendo la dependencia excesiva de los recursos y regenerando los bosques para la conservaci\u00f3n de especies en peligro de extinci\u00f3n y la adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00c1rea de conservaci\u00f3n de Tsavo en Kenia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el sur de Kenia, el \u00e1rea protegida continua m\u00e1s grande de Kenia: existe el \u00e1rea de conservaci\u00f3n de Tsavo que trasciende hasta Tanzania, de ah\u00ed el paisaje Tsavo-Mkomazi que cubre aproximadamente 49.000 km.<sup>2<\/sup>. A pesar de ser un \u00e1rea clave de biodiversidad (KBA) designada por la UICN, el paisaje alberga varias especies en peligro de extinci\u00f3n, como rinocerontes negros, pangolines (Diceros bicornii), jirafas masai, perros salvajes y muchas aves y anfibios carism\u00e1ticos que est\u00e1n en peligro cr\u00edtico y son end\u00e9micos. la zona. Las especies de aves en peligro cr\u00edtico de extinci\u00f3n incluyen el taita apalis (<em>Apalis fuscigularis)<\/em>, el zorzal taita (Turdus helerri), mientras que los anfibios en peligro cr\u00edtico de extinci\u00f3n incluyen la sagalla caecilian (Boulengerula niendeni) (KBA 2024).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta especie en peligro cr\u00edtico se encuentra en los bosques fragmentados y continuamente en peligro cr\u00edtico dentro del condado de Taita Taveta (ver figura 1 a continuaci\u00f3n). Junto a los bosques y las \u00e1reas asentadas por las comunidades hay rastros de ranchos principalmente para la producci\u00f3n ganadera que act\u00faan como corredores de conexi\u00f3n y h\u00e1bitats para la vida silvestre como elefantes y jirafas (Muthiuru et al., 2024). El \u00e9xito de la conservaci\u00f3n de los bosques como principales sumideros de carbono depende del \u00e9xito de los pastizales y de fuentes alternativas de sustento, as\u00ed como de la inclusi\u00f3n de dichos pastizales en el comercio de carbono en la certificaci\u00f3n de biodiversidad que est\u00e1 surgiendo recientemente. Durante mucho tiempo, los pastizales y las sabanas han sido pasados por alto como sumideros de carbono, mientras que tienen la capacidad de retener carbono en grandes cantidades (Pellegrini et al., 2023, Zhou et al., 2023) como bosques.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfr7BkjsIbuyi6pgcDMcTQwON8PoAoEMhOo1maIYtPg7qcwRpxjdqW2LO-xtLXC3FNjmNTpZMhe43m9GUW6H0Q2c_Qn4zs9Pboef1TUbsgbhWvwyPkhygVZrDSA8GgUB0z-Y4dzhYXo71sOVaZ4GqS-HCFYGUHGBF5HL_7cfIy_s5oXzfNwSnE?key=hcEwobeNuMOqq7wbXdmcYg\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:657px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Figura 1: <\/strong>Mapa del \u00e1rea de conservaci\u00f3n de Tsavo que muestra bosques fragmentados<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Paisaje de Batang Toru (LBT) Indonesia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El Paisaje Batang Toru (LBT) cubre un \u00e1rea de 249.169 hect\u00e1reas, con terrenos boscosos de 139.357 hect\u00e1reas, que es el h\u00e1bitat de 67 especies de mam\u00edferos y 287 especies de aves, incluido el orangut\u00e1n Tapanuli (<em>Pongo tapanuliensis<\/em>), tigre de Sumatra, tapir y otros. Adem\u00e1s de ser un h\u00e1bitat para una biodiversidad de alto valor, LBT tambi\u00e9n alberga actividades de utilizaci\u00f3n de recursos naturales por parte de comunidades e industrias extractivas a gran escala. Esta condici\u00f3n exige una gesti\u00f3n del paisaje intersectorial y multiinteresada. Administrativamente, el paisaje de Batang Toru est\u00e1 dividido en 238 aldeas en 26 subdistritos en los distritos de Tapanuli Norte, Tapanuli Central, Tapanuli Sur y la ciudad de Padang Sidempuan (Figura 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcHst6seBnml3LeMttNy6Y_vXYALVlkbrcyoGKy7IBSFt8-COBRMGFrVdR7DfLG6WQrQj8hLkWTXay0n7ALafwpiIu9kiSw8kZsXBBayiOLsl3R6dAiaUJy7dBDZrW9QqvBfmdo3nSHIiCiJXrWCbYE8j4x5sL3oVAUsZ1HEQOyjTiX00y3JA?key=hcEwobeNuMOqq7wbXdmcYg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Figura 2:<\/strong> El paisaje de Batang Toru en Indonesia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pesar de su valor cr\u00edtico y de ser hogar de orangutanes en peligro de extinci\u00f3n, dentro del ecosistema hay plantaciones comunitarias y empresariales, incluidas plantaciones de palma aceitera y caucho, que amenazan el ecosistema. Adem\u00e1s, hay siete empresas que operan en el sector energ\u00e9tico dentro de LBT, a saber, la central hidroel\u00e9ctrica Siborpa Eco Power, la central hidroel\u00e9ctrica Sipansipahoras, la central hidroel\u00e9ctrica Simarboru, la central hidroel\u00e9ctrica Batang Toru, la central geot\u00e9rmica Sarulla Operations Limited y Labuan Angin Coal-Fired. Central El\u00e9ctrica y Microcentral Hidroel\u00e9ctrica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para contrarrestar los efectos negativos de estas industrias, las comunidades y autoridades locales de Batang se unieron para concienciar a la comunidad y establecer viveros de \u00e1rboles para rehabilitar el medio ambiente destruido.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfMYOZHmnhDSx-rrieqbr0e7Zk5MMznJdcY6ELG6RDPmltIXBKRQFSj5Gpbth_yxRT_zf_7CotM2LGyGCL86C0hU_S6MU2_JpayiN2aa-RktcIUmJPULfF5xuCT-3yHv8PHdZGEzzTdY8vS7JCK0IxlVIVEk0F0JPk0yqt0sH5PYhb6DcOr534?key=hcEwobeNuMOqq7wbXdmcYg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mejora del paisaje de Batang Toru en Indonesia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tierra de Conservaci\u00f3n, donde se establecer\u00e1n viveros de \u00e1rboles alrededor del paisaje de Batang Toru, convirti\u00e9ndose as\u00ed en sumideros de carbono a gran escala.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fortalecer la agricultura familiar como base de la soberan\u00eda alimentaria y reducir la dependencia de alimentos ajenos al paisaje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implementaci\u00f3n de un programa energ\u00e9tico independiente\/panel solar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gesti\u00f3n de residuos dom\u00e9sticos e industriales en el paisaje de Batang Toru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colaborar con empresas de propiedad rural para desarrollar programas de mitigaci\u00f3n y adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico, en particular para la compensaci\u00f3n de carbono.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fortalecimiento de la protecci\u00f3n de las tierras y comunidades ind\u00edgenas alrededor del paisaje de Batang Toru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aumentar la capacidad y la participaci\u00f3n de las comunidades alrededor del paisaje de Batang Toru para participar activamente en acciones de compensaci\u00f3n de carbono dentro del paisaje de Batang Toru.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Estrategias propuestas en Tsavo Landscape Kenya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Apoyar la demarcaci\u00f3n de los bosques para iniciar la restauraci\u00f3n forestal&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mejorar los viveros de \u00e1rboles existentes en algunos de los bosques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conciencia comunitaria sobre la compensaci\u00f3n de carbono<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Programa de intercambio entre las comunidades Batang y Tsavo<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Pellegrini, AFA, Reich, PB, Hobbie, SE&nbsp;<em>et al.<\/em>&nbsp;2024. \u201cCapacidad de almacenamiento de carbono del suelo en zonas \u00e1ridas bajo reg\u00edmenes de incendios alterados\u201d.&nbsp;<em>Nat. Subir. Chang.<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>13<\/strong>, 1089\u20131094 (2023). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-023-01800-7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-023-01800-7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Muthiuru, Amos C., Ramiro D. Crego, Jemimah A. Simbauni, Philip M. Muruthi, Grace Waiguchu, Fredrick Lala, James DA Millington y Eunice W. Kairu. 2024. \u201cLa huella humana y las precipitaciones dan forma a la idoneidad y conectividad del h\u00e1bitat de la jirafa Masai en un paisaje de usos m\u00faltiples\u201d. Ecosfera 15(7): e4933. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.4933\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.4933<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">MC Hansen, PV Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, SA Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau,2 SV Stehman, SJ Goetz, TR Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, CO Justicia, JRG Townshend 2023. \u201cMapas globales de alta resoluci\u00f3n del cambio de la cubierta forestal del siglo XXI\u201d Science Vol 342 15, noviembre de 2013. DOI: 10.1126\/science.1244693 \u00b7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Zhou, Y., Bomfim, B., Bond, WJ&nbsp;<em>et al.<\/em>&nbsp;El carbono del suelo en las sabanas tropicales proviene principalmente de pastos.&nbsp;<em>Nat. Geociencias.<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>16<\/strong>, 710\u2013716 (2023). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-023-01232-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-023-01232-0<\/a><br>Asociaci\u00f3n sobre \u00e1reas clave para la biodiversidad (2024)&nbsp;<em>Hoja informativa sobre \u00e1reas clave para la biodiversidad: bosques de Taita Hills<\/em>. Descargado de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/keybiodiversityareas.org\/\">https:\/\/keybiodiversityareas.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;el 24 de julio de 2024.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction&nbsp; Conservation of natural resources has been threatened by anthropogenic and climate related factors globally. The forests have acted as carbon sinks storing carbon and reducing the impact of climate change. However, in the recent past, forests have declined by 50% globally with tropical forest losing over 50% coverage between the year 2000 and 2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[181,189,191,190],"class_list":["post-16784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biodiversity","tag-biodiversity","tag-carbon-offsets","tag-indonesia","tag-kenya"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Biodiversity Hotspots: Kenya and Indonesia - Global Greens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Global Greens presents a series of case studies focusing on biodiverse hotspots around the world. Carbon offsets in Kenya and Indonesia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biodiversity Hotspots: Kenya and Indonesia - Global Greens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Global Greens presents a series of case studies focusing on biodiverse hotspots around the world. 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